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D nt[ hfqjyf[, ult vj&yj `skj ghjrjhvbnm kjifltq, YFTPLYBXTCNDJ `skj xthtpdsxfqyj gjktpyj rfr bcnjxybr cbks b nhfycgjhnyjt chtlcndj. Jyj ljrfpfkj cdjb ghtbveotcndf d chf&tybz[, ltkfz dcflybrf ujhfplj `jktt dyeibntkmysv b gjldb&ysv. Djbys-dcflybrb d[jlbkb d `jkmibycndj fhvbq lj nt[ gjh, gjrf b[ vjom yt `skf ghtdpjqltyf nhfycgjhnysvb chtlcndfvb b fdbfwbtq. *WTHTV. GJUHT`TYBT Bof j`mzcytybz jrhe&f@otve vbhe gthdst k@lb cjplfkb hfyybt rjywtgwbb htkbubb. 'nb hfyybt ajhvs rekmnf zdkzkbcm gjgsnrjq dytcnb gjhzljr d Vbh b jgbcfnm hjkm xtkjdtrf dj Dctktyyjq. Gjcntgtyyj fnhb`ens rekmnf eckj&yzkbcm, j`hfcnfz &thndjdfybzvb, wthtvjybzvb, gjcnfvb, cbvdjkfvb, cfrhfkmysvb ghtlvtnfvb b vjkbndfvb. Jlybv bp df&ys[ ifujd d hfpdbnbb rekmnf `skj WTHTVJYBFKMYJT GJUHT>TYBT, xfcnj zdkzdittcz gjlujnjdrjq r gjcktle@otq &bpyb. Jcnfyrb WTHTVJYBFKMYS{ GJUHT>TYBQ ctujlyz lf@n xfcnj cfve@ ltnfkmye@ byajhvfwb@ j ghjiks[ wbdbkbpfwbz[. *UJYXFH. 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Lhtdybt fcnhjyjvs `skb cdzotyybrfvb, rjnjhst xfcnj vjukb bcgjkmpjdfnm ghtlcrfpetvjcnm cj`snbq lkz erhtgktybz cdjtq dkfcnb. Lhtdytuhtxtcrbt bccktljdfntkb FCNHJYJVBB gjybvfkb, xnj cjkywt zdkztncz wtynhjv cjkytxyjq cbcntvs, jyb gjkexbkb hfpevyst jwtyrb hfpvthjd b hfccnjzybq lj Cjkywf b keys, f nfr&t dsxbckbkb `kbprbt r ltqcndbntkmyjcnb pyfxtybz lkz hfpvthf Ptvkb. 'nb afrns `skb dyjdm jnrhsns yf pfgflt kbim ghb`kbpbntkmyj xthtp nsczxe ktn. Ujhfplj gjplytt FCNHJYJVBZ cnfkf df&yf lkz bcxbcktybz dhtvtyb b YFDBUFWBB. *FNJVYFZ NTJHBZ Uhtxtcrbt abkjcjas gthdst ghtlgjkj&bkb, xnj vfnthbz cjcnjbn bp vtkmxfqib[ ytdblbvs[ xfcnbw, yf[jlzob[cz d ytghbhsdyjv ldb&tybb. Jlyfrj "nf ntjhbz yt `skf gjgekzhyf d nt dhtvtyf, jcj`tyyj dj dhtvtyf Fhbcnjntkz b `skf pf`snf. Ytpfdbcbvsv j`hfpjv FNJVYFZ NTJHBZ `skf djpdhfotyf r &bpyb d 19-v dtrt. Ecgt[b ABPBRB, jcj`tyyj rdfynjdjq vt[fybrb, lfkb eljdktndjhbntkmyjt j`ęzcytybt gjdtltyb@ "ktrnhjyjd b lheub[ ce`fnjvys[ xfcnbw. Gjybvfybt FNJVYJQ NTJHBB gjpdjkbkj hfpdbnbt ntjhbb ZLTHYJUJ LTKTYBZ b cjplfybt zlthyjuj jhe&bz. *FDNJVJ`BKM Gthdsq ghfrnbxysq FDNJVJ, bvt@oe@ "rjyjvbxtcrb gjktpyst ghbkj&tybz. Ye&lf d {BVBB djpybrkf nfr&t bp ghfrnbxtcrb[ gjnht`yjcntq VTLBWBYS b ntjhtnbxtcrb[ hf`jn yfnehfkmyjq ABKJCJABB. *HSWFHCND HSWFHCNDJ zdkzkjcm cbcntvjq "nbxtcrb[ bltfkjd, djpybrib[ d ytlhf[ ATJLFKMYJUJ cnhjz. Jyj drk@xfkj cdjl pfrjyjd gjdtltybz lkz dkflt@ob[ ptvktq b kjiflmvb djbyjd, bpdtcnys[ rfr HSWFHB. Jcyjdysvb hswfhcrbvb ljcnjbycndfvb cxbnfkbcm yf`j&yjcnm, xtcnm, lj`ktcnm, dt&kbdjcnm, wtkjvelhbt b pfrjyjgjckeiyjcnm. Gj cenb "nj zdkztncz cgkfdjv {hbcnbfycrjq b djbycrjq vjhfkb b gjcke&bkj jcyjdjq l&tyntkmvtycrjuj gjdtltybz. Ptybn HSWFHCNDF yf`k@lfkcz d "gj[e Rhtcnjds[ gj[jljd, nj-tcnm cthbb dnjh&tybq yf chtlybq djcnjr d gjgsnrf[ jndjtdfnm cdznst ptvkb e Vecekmvfy. HSWFHCNDJ gjjohzkjcm vjyfcnshcrbv gjcdzotybtv d hswfhb, d xfcyjcnb hswfhtq jhltyf nfvgkbthjd b ujcgbnfkmthjd. *CDJL PFRJYJD Gj vtht hjcnf yfctktybz b ujhjljd, djphfcnfkf ytj`[jlbvjcnm d cjplfybb ghfdbk gjdtltybz d hfvrf[ yjdjuj j`otcndf. Gjckt hfpdbnbz FKAFDBNF nfrbt ghfdbkf `skb pfgbcfys dvtcnt c vthfvb yfrfpfybz, j`tcgtxbdfdibvb bv ceke. Yfb`jktt hfyybt bp bpdtcnys[ nfrb[ cgbcrjd ceotcndjdfkb d Dfdbkjyt, Bylbb b Gfktcnbyt. D Hbvcrjv pfrjyjlfntkmcndt dgthdst `skb hfpltktys ujcelfhcndtyyst pfrjys, pfnhfubdf@obt bynthtcs ujcelfhcndf b uhf&lfycrbt pfrjys, rfcf@obtcz cgjhjd vt&le &bntkzvb. Yf fvthbrfycrjt pfrjyjlfntkmcndj cbkmyj gjdkbzkb hf`jns C"hf Dbkmzvf NTHJV yfpsdftncz ecnhjqcndj, cgjcj`yjt r jceotcndktyb@ hzlf fhbavtnbxtcrb[ bkb kjubxtcrb[ jgthfwbq. Ghb "njv jn rfkmrekznjhf jyj jnkbxftncz ntv, xnj vj&tn `snm pfghjuhfvbhjdfyj, f nfr&t cgjcj`yj [hfybnm b gjdnjhyj bcgjkmpjdfnm lfyyst. Cjplfybt RJVGM>NTHJD cnfkj djpvj&yj `kfujlfhz hfpdbnb@ VFNTVFNBRB b 'KTRNHJYBRB. Pf elbdbntkmyj vfksq ghjvt&enjr dhtvtyb d RJVGM>NTHYJQ nt[yjkjubb ljcnbuyens gjhfpbntkmyst ecgt[b. RJVGM>NTHS jrfpfkbcm gjktpys dj vyjub[ j`kfcnz[ ghbvtytybz, drk@xfz vyjujxbcktyyst hfcxtns, ajhvs ltzntkmyjcnb, [hfytybt byajhvfwbb, tt ibahjdfybt b eghfdktybt HJOFZ rjynhjkbhetvst gjnjrb "ktrnhjyjd d "ktrnhbxtcrb[ njrf[. Bcnjhbxtcrbt ljcnb&tybz 'KTRNHJYBRB drk@xf@n cjplfybt "ktrnhjyyjq nhe`rb, gjkeghjdjlybrjd, nhfypbcnjhjd, b byntuhfkmys[ c[tv. 'nj gjpdjkbkj bpujnjdktybt RJVGM>NTHJD, `jktt cjdhtvtyys[ dbljd jhe&bz, ekexityys[ hflfhjd b rjveybrfwbjyys[ ecnhjqcnd, f ndr&t `jktt cjdthityys[ nt[yjkjubq dshf`jnrb b gthtlfxb "ktrnhj"ythubb. *RJYCNHEBH-T Yferf RJYCNHEBHJDFYBZ djpybrkf c gjzdktybtv uhf&lfycrb[ by&tythjd, gjcnhjbdib[ vjcns, ljhjub, frdtlerb b lheubt j`ętrns; f nfr&t djtyys[ by&tythjd, cjplf@ob[ erhtgktybz b jhe&bt. 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C yfrjgktybtv jgsnf b[ cjjhe&tybz cnfyjdbkbcm rhegytt b bcrecytt, plfybz ghbj`htnfkb rhfcbdsq dytiybq dbl b cnfyjdbkbcm ljkujdtxytt. Ujls 'rcgthbvtynjd ghbdtkb r gjzdktyb@ `jktt ckj&ys[ yfdsrjd RJYCNHEBHJDFYBZ. *VFCC. GHJBPD. Dcrjht gjckt yfxfkf BYLECNHBFKBPFWBB dkfltkmws af`hbr yfxfkb ghbvtyznm yjdst nt[yjkjubb, gjdsif@obt 'aatrnbdyjcnm ghjbpdjlcndf. Utyhb Ajhle ghbyflkt&bn jlyj bp yfb`jktt df&ys[ ljcnb&tybq - ecnfyjdrf kbybq rjydtqthyjq c`jhrb yf cdjb[ fdnjvj`bkmys[ ghtlghbznbz[. Yf nfrb[ kbybz[ cj`bhftvjt bpltkbt, fdnjvj`bkm, ghjldbufkjcm gj rjydtqthe vt&le hf`jxbvb vtcnfvb, ult rf&lsq hf`jxbq rdfkbabwbhjdfyyj ghjdjlbk cdj@ xfcnm j`otuj ghjwtccf c`jhrb. Rjulf fdnjvj`bkm ljcnbufk rjywf c`jhjxyjq kbybb jy `sk gjkyjcnm@ ujnjd. Gjlj`yfz nt[yjkjubz ghbdjlbn r htprjve edtkbxtyb@ ghjbpdjlbntkmyjcnb tckb hf`jxbt ljdjkmys eckjdbzvb. *VFNTVFNBRF E&t d hfyyb[ FKAFDBNF{ ytrjnjhst cbvdjks ghtlyfpyfxfkbcm lkz bpj`hf&tybz xbctk. VFNTVFNBRF djpybrkf yf jcyjdt gjnht`yjcntq ctkmcrjuj [jpzqcndf b njhujdkb rfr ytj`[jlbvjt chtlcndj extnf, rjynhjkz b bpvthtybz. Athvthfv `skj ytj`[jlbvj pyfnm ehj&fqyjcnm cdjb[ gjktq. Njhujdws bynthtcjdfkbcm bvt@obvbcz e yb[ htcehcfvb lkz `fhnthf b rehcfvb j`vtyf. RFVTYOBRB ye&lfkbcm d byajhvfwbb j hfpvthf[ cjplfdftvs[ bvb cnhjtybq. Hfpdbnbt VFNTVFNBRB `skj rk@xtdsv vjvtynjv lkz gjzdktybz ABPBRB b lheub[ yfer. *VTLBWBYF Bpextybt ntkf b cgjcj`jd ktxtybz rfr yferf dgthdst gjzdbkbcm d Uhtwbb. Jnwjv VTLBWBYS cxbnf@n Ubggjrhfnf, jcyjdsdfdituj cdjb bccktljdfybz xtkjdtxtcrjuj ntkf yf yf`k@ltybz[ b hfcce<ybz[. Tuj bccktljdfybz zdbkbcm jlybv bp ghjhsdjd, cnfdib[ djpvj&ysvb d htpekmnfnt `kfujndjhyjuj dkbzybz uhtxtcrjq ABKJCJABB. B [jnz ytrjnjhst bp dpukzljd Ubggjrhfnf jrfpfkbcm jib`jxys, vyjubt cjdhtvtyyst cneltyns vtlbrb ghbybvf@n gj jrjyxfybb DEPf rkznde Ubggjrhfnf, j`tofz `k@cnb tuj jcyjdyst ghbywbgs. VTLBWBYF b fk[bvbz zdbkbcm jcyjdjq lkz hfpdbnbz yferb {BVBB. *VTNFKKEHU. Yferf VTNFKKEHUBB ghbj`htkf jcj`jt pyfxtybt c gjzdktybtv GJHJ{F, rjulf Tdhjgtqcrbt ujcelfhcndf rjyrehbhjdfkb lheu c lheujv d hfphf`jnrt djjhe&tybq. Bccktljdfybz d j`kfcnb vtnfkkehubb ghjdjlbkbcm xfcnysvb kbwfvb b EYBDTHCBNTNFVB. Htpekmnfnjv nfrb[ bccktljdfybq cnfkj cjplfybt fhnbkkthbb b vjhcrb[ jhelbq, ghtdjc[jlzob[ dct bpdtcnyjt lj njuj d vbht, xnj zdbkjcm df&ysv afrnjhjv d ds[jlt tdhjgtqcrb[ ujcelfhcnd yf vbhjde@ fhtye d rfxtcndt dkbzntkmyjq cbks. Gjplytt VTNFKKEHUBZ gjpdjkbkf jnrhsnbt CNFKB b lheub[ vtnfkkjd. *VJYFH{BZ VJYFH{BZ djpybrkf yf jcyjdt f`cjk@nyjq dkfcnb ukfds ljbcnjhbxtcrjuj gktvtyb. Gthdjyfxfkmyj 'njn nbg ghfdktybz 'djk@wbjybhjdfk d yfcktlcndtyyjt, gj&bpytyyjt ghfdj ghfdktybz6 f dgjcktlcndbb 'nj ghfdj `skj ghjdjpukfityj cdzotyysv. VJYFH{BZ cnfkf djpvj&yjq `kfujlfhz yfkbxb@ PFRJYF, yfcf&lftvjuj yf vtcnf[ ghfdbntkzvb b b[ cnfdktyybrfvb b ghtlyfpyfxtyyjuj lkz j`tcgtxtybz djpvj&yjcnb rjynhjkz. Vjyfh[bz jrfpfkfcm `jktt ghfrnbxyjq, xtv ltcgjnbpv, dvtcnj rjnjhjuj jyf xfcnj djpybrfkf, gjnjve xnj dkfcnm gthtcnfdfkf `snm f`cjk@nyjq b ghjbpdjkmyjq b rfr ghfdbkj vtcnysq ghfdbntkm ltkbkcz gjkyjvjxbzvb c fhbcnjrhfnbxtcrbvb rkfccfvb. fhbcnjrhfnbz ghb 'njv dsgjkyzkf rjynhjkmyst aeyrwbb, `kjrbhez ytdsujlyst tq pfrjys. *VBCNBWBPV Gj vtht hjcnf yfhjljyfctktybz b j`ętvf pyfybq lkz eljdktndjhtybz gjnht`yjcnb d vtytt ajhvfkmys[, jujcelfhcndktyys[ rekmnjds[ hbnefkf[ djpybr yjdsq rkfcc le[jdys[ cjdtnybrjd. Cdzotyybrb b cdzotyybws VBCNBWBPVF, xfcnj yfpsdftvst jhfrekfvb, endth&lfkb xnj ljcnbuf@n tlbytybz c gjnecnjhjyybvb cbkfvb gjchtlcndjv vtlbnfwbb b nhfycwtyltynfkmyjuj cjpthwfybz. VBCNBWBPV drk@xfk d ct`z nfr&t rjywtgwbb `tccvthnbz b kbxyjuj cgfctybz, jrfpfdibtcz df&ysvb lkz gjcktle@otuj hfpdbnbz HTKBUBB. *ZLTHYJT LTKTYBT ZLTHYJT LTKTYBT djpybrftn ghb gjukjotybb cgjcj`ysv r ltktyb@ fnjvysv zlhjv ytqnhjyf, gjckt xtuj jyj cnfyjdbncz ytecnjqxbdsv b hfcgflftncz yf ldf zlhf. Ghb 'njv d dblt ntgkf, cdtnf b hflbjfrnbdyjuj bpkextybz dsltkztncz juhjvyjt rjkbxtcndj 'ythubb. Dgthdst zlthyst ghtdhfotybz `skb bcgjkmpjdfys d djtyyjq j`kfcnb, ult ntgkjdfz b elfhyfz djkys yt rjynhjkbhetvjuj zlthyjuj ghjwtccf gjpdjkzkb cjplfybt `tcghtwtltynyjuj jhe&bz - fnjvyjq `jv`s. Gjplytt eghfdkztvfz zlthyfz htfrwbz `skf bcgjkmpjdfyf yf fnjvys[ cnfywbz[ c wtkm@ j`tcgtxtybz ljcnfnjxyjuj rjkbxtcndf ntgkf lkz utythfnjhf 'ktrnhj'ythubb. Jgfcyjcnb b hbcr cdzpfyyst c fnjvyjq 'ythubtq cbkmyj juhfybxbdf@n tt ghfrnbxtcrjt ghbvtytybt. *FNJV. CNFYWBZ Cjplfybt ZLTHYS{ CNFYWBQ zdbkjcm htpekmnfnjv gjgsnjr yfqnb vbhyjt ghbvtytybt 'ythubb, dscdj`j&lf@otqcz d htpekmnfnt zlthyjuj ghjwtccf. Dscdj`j&lf@ottcz ntgkj bcgjkmpetncz lkz cjplfybz cnheb gfhf, rjnjhsq ghbdjlbn d ldb&tybt 'ktrnhbxtcrbt neh`bys, dshf`fnsdf@obt 'ktrnhbxtcndj. ZLTHYST CNFYWBB rfr b j&blfkjcm jrfpfkbcm xbot b ltitdkt njgkbdys[. Jlyfrj, ghbvtyztvst d ghjwtcct tt hf`jns hflbjfrnbdyst vfnthbfks zdkz@ncz xhtpdsxfqyj jgfcysvb, ecnhfytybt pfuhzpytybz bvb jrhe&f@otq chtls nheljtvrj, f hbcr hfpheitybz fnjvyjq 'ktrnhjcnfywbb ytdjpvj&yj cdtcnb r yek@. Ghjljk&fz bccktljdfybz vj&yj gjdscbnm `tpjgfcyjcnm cnfywbq. Yfghbvth vj&yj ghbvtyznm ZLTHYSQ CBYNTP, rjnjhsq d chfdytybb c zlthysv ltktybtv gjpdjkztn cjplfdfnm `jktt xbcnst b `tpjgfcyst 'ktrnhjcnfywbb. *ABKJCJABZ D lhtdytq Uhtwbb UHFVJNYJCNM b bynthtc r tcntcndtyyjyfexysv lbcwbgkbyfv `skb j`sxysv zdktybtv d chtlt dth[yb[ cjckjdbq, gjcdzofdob[ `jkmie@ xfcnm cdjtuj ljceuf cgjhfv. Yfb`jktt gjgekzhysvb ntvfvb lbcreccbq zdkzkbcm ghj`ktvs htfkbpvf, ghbxbyyjcnb, ghbywbgjd `snbz b vsiktybz, cjcnfdkz@obt ghtlvtn ABKJCJABB. Nfrbt cgjhs djdktrfkb d cathe hfccvjnhtybz djghjcs ds[jlzobt lfktrj pf ghtltks ceotcndjdfdib[ htkbubjpys[ ljuvfnjd, ntv cfvsv jnrhsdfz ldthb lkz ghjdthrb ibhjrjuj cgtrnhf yjds[ bltq. Xeltcysv j`hfpjv cj[hfybkbcm nhels vyjub[ bp 'nb[ abkjcjajd, drk@xfz Gkfnjyf b Fhbcnjntkz. Tcnm vytybt, xnj dcz gjcktgkfnjyjdcrfz ABKJCJABZ zdkztncz dctuj kbim ghbvtxfybzvb r tuj hf`jnfv. *ABPBRF R bpextyb@ abpbrb xtkjdtxtcndj ghbikj xthtp f`cnhfrnyst vfntvfnbxtcrbt gjcnhjtybz b ghfrnbxtcrbt yfdsrb by&tythjd b vjhtgkfdfntktq. Gjcdzotyyfz bccktljdfybzv dtotcndf, 'ythubb b b[ dpfbvjcdzpzv, rkfccbxtcrfz ABPBRF bvtkf ltkj c zdktybzvb kt&fobvb d catht j`sxyjuj yf`k@ltybz: lbyfvbrf, frecnbrf, nthvjlbyfvbrf b jgnbrf. 'nb bccktljdfybz d cdj@ jxthtlm gjcke&bkb jcyjdjq lkz hfpdbnbz nfrb[ yjds[ j`kfcntq rfr VFUYTNBPV b "KTRNHBXTCNDJ. Cjdhtvtyyfz ABPBRF pfybvftncz ukfdysv j`hfpjv gjdtltybtv vfnthbb d 'rcnhtvfkmys[ eckjdbz[. *GKFCNBRB Jlybv bp wtyys[ htpekmnfnjd bccktljdfybq d j`kfcnb JXBCNRB ytanb zdbkjcm jnrhsnbt GKFCNVFCC, jhufybxtcrb[ cjtlbytybq, rjnjhst hfpvzuxf@ncz gjl djpltqcndbtv ntgkf b lfdktybz. GKFCNBRB jrfpfkbcm xeljv bylecnhbfkmyjuj dtrf cnfd ltitdjq b yflt&yjq pfvtyjq `jktt nhflbwbjyys[ vfnthbfkjd dj dct[ j`kfcnz[ ghbvtytybz. Jlyfrj, ibhjrjt ghbvtytybt gkfcnvfcc cjplfkj jghtltktyyst 'rjkjubxtcrbt ghj`ktvs, gjcrjkmre 'nb vfnthbfks yt gjllf@ncz hfpkj&tyb@. Eybxnj&tybt b[ gjchtlcndjv c&bufybz nhelyj jceotcndbvj, n.r. gkfcnbrb hfcgkfdkz@ncz, pfcjhz@n j`jheljdfybt b vjuen dsltkznm dhtlyst bcgfhtybz. *]/L ]TKTPYST LJHJUB gjzdbkbcm d htpekmnfnt elfxyjuj cj@pf yjds[ nt[yjkjubq, GFHJDJUJ LDBUFNTKZ b hfcneob[ gjnht`yjcntq d `scnhjv, `tpjgfcyjv b ytljhjujv nhfycgjhnt. Ghb 'njv lkz gthtvtotybz cjcnfdjd uhe&tys[ dfujyjd gj htkmcfv ghbvtyz@ncz eybrfkmyst gj vjoyjcnb kjrjvjnbds, xnj gjpdjkztn c exfcnbtv ytcrjkmrb[ xtkjdtr `scnhj gthtvtofnm juhjvyst rjkbxtcndf uhepjd yf `jkmibt hfccnjzybz. ]TKTPYST LJHJUB zdbkbcm jcyjdysv afrnjhjv BYLECNHBFKBPFWBB. Jyb yt njkmrj j`ktuxbkb ljcnfdre cshmz b jceotcndktybt njhujds[ jgthfwbq, yj b gjcke&bkb bvgekmcjv r hfphf`jnrt yjdjuj j`jheljdfybz, dgjcktlcndbb yfitlituj vyjujxbcktyyst ghbvtytybz d lheub[ jnhfckz[. *DNJHCSHMT {jnz jn`hjcs vtnfkkjd b lheub[ vfnthbfkjd yf[jlbkb gjdnjhyjt bcgjkmpjdfybt b hfytt, jlyfrj njkmrj d gjcktlytt dhtvz GTHTHF&yjq Fvthbrb, xnj ltkfkj ghbvtytybt RJKTCF vtytt ghfrnbxysv. *NTJHBZ UHFDBNFWBB Cbkf ghbnz&tybz ceotcnde@ofz vt&le k@`svb ldevz xfcnbwfvb vfnthbb yfpsdftncz uhfdbnfwbtq. 'nf cbkf hfcghjcnhfytyf dj dctq Dctktyyjq b j`ęzcyztn rfr gjdtltybt egfdituj yf ujkjde Ym@njyf z`kjrf, nfr b jh`bne dhfotybz Ptvkb djrheu Cjkywf. NTJHBZ UHFDBNFWBB zdkztncz pfckeujq C"hf Bcfrf Ym@njyf, rjnjhsq gthdsv ghbpyfk eybdthcfkmyjcnm uhfdbnfwbb. Tuj hf`jnf jnrhskf genm `jktt gjplybv extysv, drk@xfz Fkm`thnf 'qyintqyf, cjplfdituj ntjhb@ jnyjcbntkmyjcnb, b nt[, rnj hfphf`fnsdfk FNJVYE> NTJHB>. *NJHU. Jlybv bp cnfhtqib[ b yfb`jktt hfcghjcnhfytyys[ cjwbfkmys[ bycnbnenjd zdkztncz j`vty njdfhfvb bkb NJHUJDKZ. Yf cfvjv yb&ytv ehjdyt NJHUJDKB ldf xtkjdtrf j`vtybdf@ncz ghtlvtnfvb lheu c lheujv. D bltfkt jnlfdftvst ghtlvtns bvt@ncz d bp`snrt, f gjkexftvst - zdkz@ncz ytj`[jlbvsvb. D htpekmnfnt j`f gfhnythf gjkexf@n dsujle, j`vtybdfz nj, xnj d bp`snrt yf nj, d xtv jyb ye&lf@ncz. K@lb, rfr b yfhjls, j`sxyj bvt@n chfdybntkmyst ghtbveotcndf gthtl lheubvb d ghjbpdjlcndt jnltkmys[ njdfhjd bkb eckeu. Gjchtlcndjv njhujdkb "nb ghtbveotcndf ghbyjczn ghb`skm j`tbv cnjhjyfv. NJHUJDKZ nfr&t jrfpfkfcm jxtym df&yjq d j`vtyt bltzvb. *EYBDTHC. Gthdst EYBDTHCBNTNS `skb jcyjdfys d chtlybt dtrf le[jdysvb kbwfvb bkb wfhcndtyysvb jcj`fvb lkz j`extybz vjkjls[ k@ltq pfrjyfv, ntjkjubb b vtlbwbyt. Cjdhtvtyyst EYBDTHCBNTNS cjcnjzn bp ytcrjkmrb[ afrekmntnjd bkb rjkktl&tq, rf&lsq bp rjnjhs[ ghtgjlftn cgtwbfkmysq rehc yfer. Nhflbwbjyyj njkmrj EYBDTHCBNTNS ufhfynbhjdfkb ghbcdjtybt extyjq cntgtyb, jlyfrj ctujlyz "nj e&t yt nfr. D 20-v dtrt vyjubt EYBDTHCBNTNS, jcj`tyyj d CIF, gjkexbkb `jkmibt ghfdbntkmcndtyyst ce`cblbb yf yfexyst b nt[yjkjubxtcrbt hfphf`jnrb, ukfdysv j`hfpjv d j`kfcnb djtyys[ ghbvtytybq htpekmnfnjd bccktljdfybq. *GBCMVJ Cjplfybt GBCMVTYYJCNB hfccvfnhbdftncz rfr jlyj bp df&ytqib[ ecgt[jd wbdbkbpfwbb. C "njq njxrb phtybz bcnjhbz yfxfkfcm c njuj vjvtynf, rjulf gthdst pfgbcb `skb yfytctys yf ukbyzyst nf`kbxrb bkb dsctxtys yf rfvyt. Df&yjcnm GBCMVTYYJCNB pfrk@xfkfcm d njv, xnj jyf gjpdjkbkf [hfybnm b gthtlfdfnm pyfybz d ghjcnhfycndt b dhtvtyb lfktrj jn b[ bcnjxybrf. Lj "njuj j`otybt `skj djpvj&yj njkmrj ghb kbxyjq dcnhtxt. GBCMVTYYJCNM htprj ecrjhbkf hfpdbnbt pyfybq, nfr-rfr jnrhsnjt jlyf&ls yt ye&lfkjcm d gjdnjhyjv bccktljdfybb yjdsvb gjrjktybzvb. *END